Today, the distribution of counterfeit goods is not limited to ordinary stores and sales markets, and in many cases counterfeit goods are also being sold online, and consequently many right holders are taking measures to delete links to sites selling counterfeit goods online. And since some counterfeiters have strong maliciousness, there are cases where the deletion of links is not enough.
Thus, in addition to deleting links, there are now numerous cases where O2O measures (referring to “Online to Offline measures”; that is, when counterfeit goods are discovered on the internet, measures for identifying the actual hubs of counterfeiters selling such counterfeit goods, and subsequently enforcing such hubs) are being taken, and we will now introduce the basic method of O2O research as the first step of such O2O measures.